From the Sector

As of April 1, 2024, Eva Baumann takes over the position of CEO in CHT. Together with Prof. Dr. Klaus Müller, who acts as CFO, she forms the management of the internationally active CHT Group.

Until 2020, Eva Baumann had worked for many years in a leading global company in the chemical industry. She has been part of the CHT Group since January 2020 and, as Group Vice President, has headed the Business Field General Industries at Group level. As CEO, Eva Baumann is now responsible for Marketing, Sales, Corporate Strategy, Human Resources and Sustainability.

Eva Baumann has ambitious plans for the future of the CHT Group: "Together with my management team, I will continue to expand the CHT Group as a successful and profitable specialty chemicals group. We focus on what we have been particularly good at for over 70 years: turning innovative ideas into specialty applications. These ideas help our customers to secure their success and at the same time make a sustainable contribution to development. Our customer proximity and the outstanding quality of our products and services set us apart in the market.

How does a future-proof, circular and sustainable plastics economy look like? The answer is a balance ranging from plastics reduction to a sustainable use of recyclable plastics. After all, the increasing demand for plastics in high-value applications such as food packaging, car parts or synthetic textiles requires a holistic change. With four strategic approaches, researchers from the German institute Fraunhofer UMSICHT and the Dutch institute TNO now provide insights into how this future scenario could look like in their recently published white paper "From #plasticfree to future-proof plastics". Both organizations also start a hands-on platform for plastics in a circular economy: European Circular Plastics Platform – CPP aimed at removing existing barriers and sharing of promising solutions.

Versatile and inexpensive materials with low weight and very good barrier properties: That's what plastics are. In addition to their practical benefits, however, the materials are also associated with a significant share of mankind's greenhouse gas emissions. The production and use of plastics cause environmental pollution and microplastics, deplete fossil resources and lead to import dependencies. At the same time, alternatives - such as glass packaging - could cause even more environmental burden or have poorer product properties.

Researchers from TNO and Fraunhofer UMSICHT have elaborated a white paper that provides a basis for the transformation of plastics production and use. They consider the integration of the perspectives of all stakeholders and their values and the potential of current and future technologies. In addition, the functional properties of the target product, the comparison with alternative products without plastics, and their impact in a variety of environmental, social and economic categories over the entire life cycle are crucial. In this way, a systematic assessment and ultimately a systematic decision as to where we can use, reject or replace plastics can be realized.

Strategies for the Circular Economy
As a result, the researchers describe four strategic approaches for transforming today's largely linear plastics economy into a fully circular future: Narrowing the Loop, Operating the Loop, Slowing the Loop, and Closing the Loop. By Narrowing the Loop, the researchers recommend, as a first step, to reduce the amount of materials mobilized in a circular economy. Operating the Loop refers to using renewable energy, minimizing material losses, and sourcing raw materials sustainably. For Slowing the Loop, measures are needed to extend the useful lifetime of materials and products. Finally, for Closing the Loop, plastics must be collected, sorted and recycled to high standards.

Individual strategies fall under each of the four approaches. While the ones under Operating the Loop (O strategies) should be applied in parallel and as completely as possible. According to the researchers, the decision for the strategies in the other fields (R strategies) requires a complex process: “Usually, more than one R-strategy can be considered for a given product or service. These must be carefully compared in terms of their feasibility and impact in the context of the status quo and expected changes”, explains Jürgen Bertling from Fraunhofer UMSICHT. The project partners have therefore developed a guiding principle for prioritization based on the idea of the waste hierarchy.

A holistic change, as we envision it, can only succeed if science, industry, politics and citizens work together across sectors. “This implies several, partly quite drastic changes at 4 levels: legislation and policy, circular chain collaboration, design and development, and education and information. For instance, innovations in design and development include redesign of polymers to more oxygen rich ones based on biomass and CO2 utilisation. Current recycling technologies have to be improved for high quantity and quality recycling,” explains Jan Harm Urbanus from TNO.

Hands-on platform for cross-sector collaboration
“Therefore, in a next step, TNO and Fraunhofer UMSICHT are building a hands-on platform for plastics in a circular economy: European Circular Plastics Platform – CPP," explains Esther van den Beuken, Principal Consultant from TNO. It will give companies, associations and non-governmental organizations the opportunity to work together on existing barriers and promising solutions for a Circular Plastics Economy. The platform will also offer its members regular hands-on workshops on plastics topics, roundtable discussions on current issues, and participation in multi-client studies on pressing technical challenges. Regular meetings will be held in the cross-border region of Germany and the Netherlands as well as online. The goal is to bring change to the public and industry.

Fibres, fabrics, epoxy resins and adhesives from Sicomin have been used by Grand Largue Composites (GLC) to construct the first Class40 racing yacht to feature a significant quantity of flax-fibre reinforcements.
The yacht, called Crosscall, won the Class40 World Championships in June 2022 and is a prototype of the new Lift V2 design by Marc Lombard, one of the leading naval architects in this field.

Class40 is one of the most competitive fleets in yacht racing. The hulls of Class40 yachts must be light in weight, strong and stiff, and durable in the most extreme of conditions. Furthermore, to keep costs down, they cannot be reinforced with carbon fibres. The quality and reliability of the resins used for the infusion and lamination of the hulls are therefore of paramount importance.

Crosscall's cockpit was designed to be effectively non-structural, with the mainsheet, which can generate huge shock loads, supported separately. This would allow the cockpit to be made from a hybrid biaxial fabric comprising 50% flax fibres. Other parts of the boat that incorporate flax fibre include the tunnel, the engine cover, the ballast tanks and the cap. The rest of the boat is reinforced with 100% glass-fibre fabrics.

To help it realise this ambitious design, GLC, an infusion specialist, turned to its long-time material supplier, Sicomin. The hull was moulded and infused in one piece and the deck – including the hybrid flax-fibre cockpit – was also infused as a single part. The internal structure was then laminated into the hull by hand before the hull and deck were finally bonded together.

The infusion resin selected was Sicomin’s SR 1710, a high-modulus structural epoxy. Designed specifically for use in infusion and injection processes, it has exceptionally low viscosity and its low-reactivity hardener makes it suitable for the production of large parts. Composites components made from SR 1710 possess high interlaminar shear-strength and the resin retains its mechanical properties in wet environments.

Sicomin’s low-toxicity SR 8200 was used to laminate the internal structures onto the skin of the hull. Ideal for hand laminating, this system includes a choice of hardeners with a wide range of reactivities, which makes it equally suitable for making large or small parts. The hull and deck were joined together with Sicomin’s Isobond SR 7100, which demonstrates high fatigue strength and is very resistant to microcracking.

An epoxy bonding primer – called Undercoat EP 215 HB+ and supplied by Sicomin’s sister company, Map Yachting – was applied to the moulds first to make demoulding easier. It also serves as an undercoat in the polyurethane exterior paint system that is used instead of gelcoat to protect the epoxy hull from UV damage.

Since the launch of Crosscall, GLC has started building a second Lift V2 Class40 and a third one is now planned, both for which Sicomin will supply the materials.

Prof. Manfred Renner and Prof. Christian Doetsch will take joint leadership of the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT from August 2022. As renowned scientists, they have most recently shaped the direction of the institute as heads of the Products division and Energy division respectively, and will now follow in the footsteps of Prof. Eckhard Weidner, who has entered retirement.

This is the first time in its history that Fraunhofer UMSICHT is led by two directors. Both institute directors began their professional careers at the institute and from August they will have a joint hand in its future.

Prof. Manfred Renner holds a doctorate in mechanical engineering, specializing in process engineering and business development. Since 2006, he has held various roles at Fraunhofer UMSICHT, most recently heading up the Products division and overseeing its 126 employees and its budget of 14.8 million euros. He has set international standards through his award-winning research into a free of water tanning leather tanning process that uses compressed carbon dioxide. With the development of innovative aerogel-based insulation materials for building facades, he has made a significant contribution to environmentally friendly, circular applications in the construction industry and initiated a number of industrial projects. One of the notable technological breakthroughs made by his team was the development of a new type of fire-resistant glass, which can withstand even the most extreme heat. This won his development team the Joseph von Fraunhofer Prize in October 2020.

Alongside becoming institute director, Prof. Renner will also take over the leadership of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Circular Plastics Economy CCPE in August 2022. In this role, he will represent the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft on a national and international level with regard to the transformation of industry and society to a circular economy. In addition, he will start his professorship in Responsible Process Engineering at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Over the course of his professorship, he will shape the systemic development of the circular economy at a corporate, regional and European level.

Prof. Christian Doetsch has worked in energy research for more than 25 years, spending most of this time at Fraunhofer UMSICHT. As head of the Energy division, he managed a team of around 145 employees and was responsible for a budget of approximately 10.4 million euros. His technological focal points are energy storage, Power-to-X technologies including hydrogen electrolysis and chemical conversion, catalysts, and energy system modeling and optimization. His overarching aim is the integration of renewable energies into a cross-sectoral, resilient energy system.

In 2015, Doetsch co-founded the award-winning start-up Volterion GmbH & Co. KG, which develops redox flow batteries. He attained high visibility on a global scale by redesigning stacks, one of the main components of redox flow batteries, an achievement for which he, his team and Volterion representatives were awarded the Joseph von Fraunhofer Prize in May 2021. The energy expert also acts as deputy spokesperson for the Fraunhofer Energy Alliance and task manager for the energy storage group at the International Energy Agency (IEA). He also co-founded the “Open District Hub e. V.,” an association that promotes the energy transition in the sector by means of energy systems integration.

Since January 2020, he has been Professor of Cross Energy Systems at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum. In this role, he conducts research into ecological evaluation and resilience of cross-sectoral energy systems.

• Das MMI (Materialmodellierung, mechanische Berechnung und Spritzgusssimulation)-Team für fortgeschrittene Simulationstechnologien bietet erheblich verbesserten Service für PA6-GF-Werkstoffe
• Integrative Simulationsumgebung lässt sich effektiv mit der Digimat-Software anwenden und gewährleistet präzise und robuste Finite-Elemente-Analysen

DOMOs fortschrittliche Simulationsumgebung MMI für PA66-Bauteile gilt auf dem Markt bereits als Referenz für präzise Simulationen. Ab sofort unterstützt dieses Simulationstool OEMs und Bauteillieferanten bei der Entwicklung von leistungsfähigen, leichten und kosteneffizienten Bauteilen aus PA6. Mit dem DOMO Service Hub können Bauteilentwickler ihre Polyamidlösungen somit schneller in Serie bringen.

Bei glasfaserverstärkten Materialien muss die Ausrichtung der Glasfasern berücksichtigt werden, die während des Spritzgussverfahrens entsteht. Dabei ermöglicht die Digimat-Software eine genaue integrative Simulation. DOMO besitzt ein umfangreiches Fachwissen bei der integrativen Simulation der TECHNYL® A-Serie von PA66-GF-Materialien und ist daher in der Lage, präzise Bauteilsimulationen durchzuführen.

Die neuen MMI-PA6-GF Materialkarten können für eine Vielzahl von Glasfaserkonzentrationen und -temperaturen sowie für elastische und elastoplastische Materialmodelle mit Versagensindikatoren eingesetzt werden. Diese sind in der Digimat Software verfügbar und führen zu den gleichen präzisen Ergebnissen wie bei den TECHNYL® A PA66-Werkstoffen. Die neuen Materialkarten heben somit die PA6-Datenbank auf das gleiche Leistungsniveau wie PA66 an. Im nächsten Schritt werden in die Digimat-Datenbank auch crashspezifische und thermische Modelle eingepflegt.

„Dank der präzisen MMI-Simulation können TECHNYL® Bauteile entwickelt werden, die leichter, leistungsfähiger und kosteneffizienter sind“, erklärt Gilles Robert, Material Expert bei DOMO. „Unsere Kunden profitieren von kürzeren Entwicklungszeiten und haben eine bessere Kontrolle über die internen Kosten. Der kontinuierliche Aufbau der TECHNYL®-Materialdatenbank erweitert das Anwendungsfeld dieser Simulationsumgebung auf PA6 Bauteile.“

In a new study, Empa researcher Dominik Brunner, together with colleagues from Utrecht University and the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics, is investigating how much plastic is trickling down on us from the atmosphere. According to the study, some nanoplastics travel over 2000 kilometers through the air. According to the figures from the measurements about 43 trillion miniature plastic particles land in Switzerland every year. Researchers still disagree on the exact number. But according to estimates from the study, it could be as much as 3,000 tonnes of nanoplastics that cover Switzerland every year, from the remote Alps to the urban lowlands. These estimates are very high compared to other studies, and more research is needed to verify these numbers

The study is uncharted scientific territory because the spread of nanoplastics through the air is still largely unexplored.

The scientists studied a small area at an altitude of 3106 meters at the top of the mountain "Hoher Sonnenblick" in the "Hohe Tauern" National Park in Austria.
Every day, and in all weather conditions, scientists removed a part of the top layer of snow around a marker at 8 AM and carefully stored it. Contamination of the samples by nanoplastics in the air or on the scientists' clothes was a particular challenge. In the laboratory, the researchers sometimes had to remain motionless when a colleague handled an open sample.

The origin of the tiny particles was traced with the help of European wind and weather data. The researchers could show that the greatest emission of nanoplastics into the atmosphere occurs in densely populated, urban areas. About 30% of the nanoplastic particles measured on the mountain top originate from a radius of 200 kilometers, mainly from cities. However, plastics from the world's oceans apparently also get into the air via the spray of the waves. Around 10% of the particles measured in the study were blown onto the mountain by wind and weather over 2000 kilometers – some of them from the Atlantic.

It is estimated that more than 8300 million tonnes of plastic have been produced worldwide to date, about 60% of which is now waste. This waste erodes through weathering effects and mechanical abrasion from macro- to micro- and nanoparticles. But discarded plastic is far from the only source. Everyday use of plastic products such as packaging and clothing releases nanoplastics. Particles in this size range are so light that their movement in the air can best be compared to gases.

Besides plastics, there are all kinds of other tiny particles. From Sahara sand to brake pads, the world is buzzing through the air as abrasion. It is as yet unclear whether this kind of air pollution poses a potential health threat to humans. Nanoparticles, unlike microparticles, do not just end up in the stomach. They are sucked deep into the lungs through respiration, where their size may allow them to cross the cell-blood barrier and enter the human bloodstream. Whether this is harmful or even dangerous, however, remains to be researched.

• Fraunhofer CCPE veröffentlicht Positionspapier und Forschungsprogramm zum Recycling von Kunststoffen

Der Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Circular Plastics Economy CCPE hat ein Positionspapier zum Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik von Recyclingtechnologien für Kunststoffe vorgelegt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf chemischen Recyclingverfahren. Eine Marktanalyse zeigt aktuelle Industrieaktivitäten, außerdem werden die Fraunhofer-Kompetenzen im Kunststoff-Recycling im Überblick dargestellt.

Positionspapier und Forschungsprogramm zum Recycling von Kunststoffen

Rund 30 Fraunhofer Institute und Einrichtungen befassen sich mit dem Recycling und der Aufbereitung von Kunststoffen. Übersicht aktueller Initiativen zur Demonstration und Kommerzialisierung von chemischen Recyclingverfahren.

Das Positionspapier gibt einen Überblick über werk- und rohstoffliche (chemische) Aufbereitungstechnologien für Kunststoffe, die sich derzeit in der Entwicklung befinden und noch nicht zum Stand der Technik zählen. Insbesondere werden sogenannte chemische Recyclingverfahren eingeordnet. Beleuchtet werden dabei der technische Entwicklungsstand der Verfahren, deren Vor- und Nachteile, die regulatorischen und gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen, die ökonomische Machbarkeit sowie Potenziale für den Umwelt- und Klimaschutz. Eine Marktübersicht zeigt darüber hinaus, welche Projekte seitens der Industrie im Bereich chemischer Recyclingverfahren derzeit laufen, welche Abfallstoffe behandelt werden und welche Anlagenkapazität vorhanden bzw. geplant ist.

Prof. Matthias Franke, Leiter des Institutsteils Sulzbach-Rosenberg von Fraunhofer UMSICHT, entwickelt vor allem pyrolysebasierte Recycling­technologien. Er fasst die Ergebnisse zusammen: »Die Nachfrage nach hochwertigen Kunststoffrezyklaten nimmt derzeit zu. Hintergrund sind einerseits die Selbstverpflichtungen der Hersteller, andererseits die Vorgaben der Europäischen Union zum Rezyklateinsatz. Mit Rezyklateinsatzquoten und steigenden CO2-Preisen wird die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Rezyklaten gegenüber Primärware gestärkt, und die Abhängigkeit vom Rohölpreis aufgehoben. Dies schafft Investitionssicherheit für das Recycling. Neuartige Recyclingtechnologien sind nach unserer Einschätzung technisch in der Lage, die zusätzliche Nachfrage nach hochqualitativen Rezyklaten zu bedienen. Entwicklungs­bedarf gibt es vor allem noch bei komplexen Abfällen wie zum Beispiel Verbundmaterialien. Auch eine ökologische Gesamtbewertung der Verfahren steht noch aus.«

Ausgehend vom derzeitigen Entwicklungsstand schätzen die Fraunhofer Forschenden die Potenziale von alternativen Recyclingtechnologien insgesamt positiv ein, wenn Sie als Ergänzung zu etablierten werkstofflichen Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Sie seien technisch mach- und beherrschbar, sie könnten dazu beitragen, die Kreislaufführung von Kunststoffen zu verbessern und hochqualitative Sekundärrohstoffe für die Industrie bereit zu stellen. Vor allem die rohstofflichen / chemischen Verfahren könnten ein ergänzender Baustein für höherwertiges Kunststoff-Recycling sein besonders bei bisher schwer behandelbaren Abfallströmen.

Die Positionen des Fraunhofer CCPE im Einzelnen:

• Werkstoffliche Verfahren sind für sortenreine Kunststofffraktionen (Thermoplaste) die beste Wahl.
• Mit zunehmender Heterogenität, Verschmutzung oder Kontamination von Kunststoffabfällen kommt das werkstoffliche Recycling an seine Grenzen. Füll-, Stör- und Schadstoffe können in Sortier-, Wasch- und Extrusionsanlagen oft nicht vollständig ausgeschleust werden. Bestimmte Kunststoffsorten sind werkstofflich kaum verwertbar.
• Um eine Steigerung der Kreislaufführung von Kunststoffen zu erreichen, ist eine Ergänzung der werkstofflichen Verfahren durch alternative Prozesse und Prozess-Kombinationen erforderlich.
• Da chemische Recyclingverfahren ebenfalls in der Lage sind, Sekundärrohstoffe für die Kunststoffproduktion bereitzustellen, sollte die werkstoffliche Verwertungs­quote im Bereich der Verpackungskunststoffe durch eine technologieoffene Recyclingquote ersetzt werden. Dies würde technische Innovationen im mengenmäßig dominanten Recycling von Verpackungen fördern.
• Eine gesamtökologische Betrachtung von Recyclingverfahren oder Verfahrens­kombinationen für spezifische Altkunststoffe muss noch erbracht werden.
• Eine teilweise Substitution von erdölbasierten Basischemikalien durch chemische Rezyklate bspw. auf Basis von Kunststoffabfällen erscheint technologisch möglich.

Im Positionspapier stellt Fraunhofer CCPE eine Forschungsagenda vor:

1. Analyse von kunststoffhaltigen Abfällen verbessern
2. Transparenz über ökonomische und ökologische Auswirkungen durch Langzeitbetrieb herstellen
3. Dynamische Bewertungsmodelle für die Abfallbehandlung entwickeln
4. Recyclingtechnologien koppeln
5. Automatisierte, KI-basierte gestufte Recyclingverfahren erforschen
6. Rezyklate und Zwischenprodukte aus den Recyclingprozessen optimieren