From the Sector

After three years, VUB a.s again got the chance to actively participate in the European trade fair Techtextil 2022m being present at a joint stand of Czech companies active in production and application of technical textiles, organized by Clutex - Cluster Technical Textiles.

In cooperation with partners from academic and production sphere many products were developed over the past years, sold by VUB under the brand Clevertex. For the presentation at the fair, a wide range of ESD protective clothing for the electrotechnical industry and for each worker dealing with electrostatic discharge sensitive components was on display. As well as another product line of the Clevertex brand representing wearable skincare textile products with antiseptic effects based on purely natural textile materials.

Attention was paid to the advanced solutions for smart textiles and e-textiles products esp. electrically conductive hybrid threads based on ultrafine metallic micro-wires. A significant advantage of these threads lies in their full compatibility with standard textile manufacturing processes, and possibility of customization in terms of fineness, electrical conductivity and temperature resistance of individual thread. As an example of one of the applications of conductive threads, different types of woven elastic conductive ribbons were demonstrated, which could be used as bus bars or as textile conductors wherever a variable length of conductive element is required without the negative influence on their electrical resistance during the change the length.

The electrolyser producer Enapter has set itself the goal of developing its entire production process to run without negative impacts on the environment. As an important step on this journey, it is building the Enapter Campus production facility, which will be powered entirely from renewable energy produced on-site and in the neighbouring Bioenergiepark. The site in in Saerbeck, North Rhine-Westphalia combines electrolyser production, an R&D building, administration and office space, as well as a cantine over 82,000 square metres. Now the company wants to investigate what other measures can be implemented to achieve its “Life Cycle Impact Zero” aspirations – together with researchers from Fraunhofer UMSICHT, the Wuppertal Institute and the Institute of Sustainable Nutrition (iSuN) of FH Münster.

With the Life Cycle Impact Zero project, started on April 15, 2022, the parties want to develop and apply an especially comprehensive and holistic approach to environmental assessment. This includes chemical manufacturing and electrolyser production, as well as matters like the use of energy and water resources, the generation of waste or the human factor in general. This is intended to cover all interactions between business and people. That includes, in particular, Enapter’s employees, but also people in upstream and downstream value chains, users of the technology or residents close to the production site. A concept for sustainable employee catering is also being developed.

The basis for all environmental assessment that will be carried out is ISO 14040. The recognised international standard divides the research into four phases: Aim and scope of the study, inventory analaysis, impact assessment, as well as interpretation. Sensitivity analyses and scenario techniques are also used as further methods.

On the basis of these analyses, the 18-month project should derive concrete measures to avoid negative environmental impacts completely, if possible, for example in production, employee mobility or in energy supply. Furthermore, it will examine whether these measures are transferable to Enapter’s other locations – such as in Italy. Following on from the project, the steps defined should be implemented by Enapter in the next phase. In the subsequent Phase 3, a renewed analysis is planned. This will determine if the technological innovations achieved by then in the production and use of Enapter’s electrolysers can enable additional ecological improvements.

The Life Cycle Impact Zero project is supported by the State of NRW.

The viscose specialities manufacturer Kelheim Fibres has won the Techtextil Award in the "New Concept" category for their project "Cellulose-based nonwovens for highly absorbent reusable products".
This award is intended to make cutting-edge developments visible, promote unconventional thinking and intensify the dialogue between researchers, manufacturers.

The starting point for the innovation was the search for a washable and thus reusable absorbent pad made of completely bio-based materials for the cloth diaper of the Berlin-based start-up Sumo.
Two main requirements of the application are obvious: A fast and efficient liquid distribution and high absorbency should minimise rewetting and leakage. Both are ensured by speciality viscose fibres from Kelheim, which have been making this essential contribution to absorbent hygiene products such as tampons for many years. The obvious solution was therefore to optimally utilise the synergies between knitted and woven structures with nonwovens.

In doing so, the advantages of nonwovens in combination with speciality viscose fibres in terms of absorbency (through e.g. more open-pored structures) have been perfectly transferred from the field of disposable to the world of reusable products. For reusable products, however, there is another challenge to overcome: they must remain stable during washing and over several cycles of use. To ensure this, an innovative nonwoven construction was developed in close cooperation with the STFI. These nonwovens can be used as a stand-alone solution or integrated into a textile structure.

• Bluesign announces partnership with SCTI

Bluesign has teamed up with Sustainable Chemistry for the Textile Industry (SCTI^TM) to develop a sustainable chemistry index that shall provide a standard communication guide for chemical suppliers, manufacturers, brands, and NGOs.

The first-of-its-kind index is intended to inspire change in the industry by making it easier for stakeholders to assess the sustainability of textile chemical products against the highest standards while safeguarding the intellectual property (IP) of participating chemical companies. IP protection is critical to ensuring ongoing investment in sustainable solutions.

Chemical products, such as dyes and textile auxiliaries, are often characterized with the attribute of “free of a certain substance”. Rather than prioritizing ingredients only, the bluesign^® SYSTEM already goes beyond this. The chemicals and the production site where they were created must meet certain criteria regarding environmental performance, occupational health and safety, and product stewardship performance to be bluesign^® APPROVED.

The sustainable chemistry index will be reserved for substances that offer transparency on a number of additional indicators including the chemical’s circularity viability, greenhouse gas emissions during production, and the source of the raw materials. The sustainable chemistry index will also require that the downstream use of the chemical is optimized, meaning, for example, that it promotes resource saving in textile finishing. Additionally, excellent corporate governance paired with well-defined environmental and social (ESG) goals will be a pre-condition.

SCTI^TM is an alliance of leading chemical companies that strives to empower the textile and leather industries to apply sustainable, state-of-the-art chemistry solutions that protect factory workers, local communities, consumers and the environment.

Bluesign will implement and manage the sustainable chemistry index as an independent authority with a holistic approach to helping companies throughout the textile supply chain improve their sustainability performance.

• Target markets: automotive, furnishings, sports and technical apparel
• New product entry: radipeople® line of personal protective equipment

RadiciGroup is at Techtextil 2022, the leading European trade fair for technical textiles, taking place in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, from 21 to 24 June. On display in the RadiciGroup exhibition area are the Group’s latest products for the automotive, furnishings and apparel markets: from nylon and polyester yarn, including biosource and recycled lines, to nonwovens and the new radipeople® line of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Indeed, at Techtextil, RadiciGroup is showcasing RENYCLE®, a yarn obtained from recycled nylon; REPETABLE®, a polyester yarn from post-consumer recycled plastic bottles; RESPUNSIBLE®, a nonwoven fabric from recycled polypropylene; and BIOFEEL®, a brand identifying a yarn line obtained from renewable sources of both nylon and polyester.

Moreover, RadiciGroup is participating in a forum organized by the Technical Textiles Section of Sistema Moda Italia in collaboration with the Italian Space Agency (ICE) (Hall 12.1 – Stand C58), with the goal of introducing product innovations not only coming from a single manufacturer, but also from an innovative synergistic approach all along the supply chain, from raw materials to finished products. An example of this synergistic collaboration is the “Mars Spacesuit”, recently tested in the USA by analogue astronauts as part of a space medicine project designed to measure the vital signs of future astronauts and develop technologies to support the simulation of life in space and planetary environments. RadiciGroup teamed up with major Italian textile companies and supplied the materials to make the suits for the six analogue astronauts participating in the mission and coordinated the development of the technologies needed to create the technicalwear for use in extreme environmental conditions.

Archroma, a global leader in specialty chemicals towards sustainable solutions, and Baldwin, a leading global manufacturer and supplier of precision spray systems and technology for sustainable textile manufacturing, announce a new collaboration to optimize performance and resource saving in the finishing department.

The two companies aim to support textile manufacturers in their development projects, targeting to improve their product safety, performance and functionality, while at the same time maximizing the productivity and resource utilization of the finishing application process.

Archroma and Baldwin are collaborating in multiple projects that combine Archroma’s most sustainable product innovations with Baldwin’s Texcoat G4.

TexCoat G4 is a non-contact spray technology for textile finishing and remoistening, designed to allow a controlled and optimal coverage of the exact amount of finish chemistry for reaching specific characteristics of the fabric. The system can be used to reduce water consumption by as much as 50% compared to traditional padding application processes.

Archroma and Baldwin are currently testing Archroma’s finishing products and systems, such as the soon-to-be-launched PFC-free* Smartrepel® Hydro SR for water-based soil repellence, as well as metal and inorganic particle-free antimicrobial technologies like Sanitized T 20-19 and TH 15-14, which will be launched at the upcoming Techtextil 2022.

The first test results will be available for discussions with both partners at Techtextil at their respective booths.

SHIMA SEIKI MFG., LTD. of Wakayama, Japan, along with its Italian subsidiary SHIMA SEIKI ITALIA S.p.A., will be participating in the Techtextil exhibition in Frankfurt, Germany from the 21st till the 24th of June 2022.

On display will be SHIMA SEIKI’s latest innovation in flat knitting technology as applied to the field of technical textiles—a prototype weft knitting machine capable of multi-axial yarn insertion. Fabrics produced on this machine use inlay technique for the production of hybrid textiles that combine the stretch characteristics of knitted fabrics with the stability of woven textiles, suited to various technical applications. To this, warp yarn is inserted to further expand its capability to produce 3D-shaped carbon fiber and composite preforms directly on the machine. This is made possible by taking advantage of the fact that flat knitting as a textile production method is capable of producing end products that are shaped-to-form and with added thickness. Compared to current methods of preform production, savings in post-processing time, material, labor and associated costs are immense, realizing efficient and sustainable production. SHIMA SEIKI’s own yarn unwinding technology is also used for optimum yarn feed and tension for use with technical yarns that are otherwise difficult to knit. Industrial textile samples knit on the multi-axial machine will also be available for examination on-site.

SHIMA SEIKI's SDS®-ONE APEX4 3D design system will be available for demonstrations as well. Of particular interest should be its ultra-realistic simulation capability that realizes Virtual Sampling. When countless variations must be evaluated before arriving at a final design, virtual product samples can be used to streamline the decision-making process by minimizing the enormous amount of time, cost and material normally associated with producing actual samples for each variation. When approved, the same data can be converted to machine data for immediate knitting, significantly reducing lead times.

The German machinery producer BRÜCKNER used exactly these chances and repositioned itself during the pandemic period. For more than 70 years, the family-run company has been specialized in individual finishing concepts for textiles, technical textiles, nonwovens and floor coverings. The current challenges in the textile industry are serious. The clear increase of the energy costs and the general uncertainty of the energy supply as well as political requirements make a profitable textile production more and more demanding for many companies.

The company responds to this with a newly developed stenter concept with double heating system. Depending on availability, the lines can be operated with gas or oil, but also other combinations with steam or renewable energies are possible. This means that production delays and machine downtimes can be avoided as far as possible. In addition, developed intelligent assistance systems for its machines have been developed that support the machine operator in using the best possible process to operate the line as energy-efficiently as possible. Further energy savings are possible with new energy-efficient motors or heat-recovery and exhaust air cleaning systems. This also helps to avoid harmful emissions.

But many textile producers are also focusing on reducing chemicals. For this purpose, BRÜCKNER's further developed ECO-COAT minimum application unit can make a decisive contribution. Knitted and woven fabrics, but also nonwovens can be finished on one or both sides via different fabric paths. With the minimum application via an engraved roller, a single-sided application of up to 100 g/m² can be achieved. A double-sided and higher application quantity is achieved, for example, by impregnation in the nip. Irrespective of the selected fabric path, a very small liquor reservoir means that only minimal quantities of waste water are produced when changing batches or liquors, and the use of chemicals can also be significantly reduced. In addition, less water has to be evaporated in the subsequent drying process than, for example, in the case of impregnation in a water bath, so the energy requirement is significantly reduced.

On the two upcoming trade fairs ITM in Istanbul and TECHTEXTIL in Frankfurt in June, interested customers can personally get an idea of BRÜCKNER's new developments.

Im Rahmen eines neuen Projektes des Spitzenclusters Industrielle Innovationen (SPIN) entsteht eine offene Versuchsplattform für die Entwicklung von Power-to-X-Technologien. Untersucht werden dabei Möglichkeiten, CO2-haltige Abgasströme zunächst in ein Synthesegas aus Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff und dann in verschiedene Produkte für die Chemie-, Kraftstoff- und Kunststoffindustrie umzuwandeln. Die nordrhein-westfälische Landesregierung fördert dieses Vorhaben mit 5,3 Mio. Euro.

Die Federführung des Projektes »PtX-Plattform« liegt bei der Mitsubishi Power Europe GmbH. Gemeinsam mit SPIN sowie den Projektpartnern – dem Fraunhofer UMSICHT, dem Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik (LUAT) der Universität Duisburg-Essen sowie Evonik Industries – will das Unternehmen marktfähige Lösungen für die effiziente Nutzung überschüssigen Stroms entwickeln. Ein Schwerpunkt werden dabei Wasserstoff- sowie Carbon-Capture-Use-and-Storage-Technologien sein: CCU und CCS. Entsprechende containerbasierte Anlagen entstehen auf dem Gelände des LUAT. Sie umfassen u.a. CO₂-Abtrennung und katalytische Co-Elektrolyse und stellen alle notwendigen Energie- und Stoffströme zur Verfügung.

Elektrolytische Herstellung von Synthesegas
Das Fraunhofer UMSICHT erarbeitet im Zuge des Projektes u.a. Grundlagen, um in einem Power-to-X-Reaktor die elektrolytische Herstellung von Synthesegas im Labormaßstab zu demonstrieren. »Dazu skalieren wir neuartige Gasdiffusionselektroden und setzen sie für die Aufgabe in angepassten Reaktoren ein«, erklärt Prof. Dr. Ulf-Peter Apfel, Leiter der Abteilung Elektrosynthese. »Weitere Komponenten der Elektrolysezellen werden so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass Verlustleistungen und Gasleckagen minimiert sowie die Zusammensetzung des Synthesegases möglichst kontrolliert variiert werden können.« Neben der Erstellung der erforderlichen Komponenten führt das Institut auch die Entwicklung, Errichtung und Inbetriebnahme eines skalierten Elektrolysesystems (inkl. der Teststandperipherie) durch und integriert alles in die Containerumgebung der Plattform.

Charakterisierung von Katalysatoren
Darüber hinaus testen die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler des Fraunhofer UMSICHT Katalysator-Systeme, die neu von Evonik entwickelt worden sind und bei der Synthese von Alkoholen zum Einsatz kommen. »Wir schauen uns Umsatz, Menge und Konzentration sowohl der auftretenden Produkte als auch der Nebenprodukte an und haben dabei vor allem die Lebensdauer des Katalysators im Blick«, so Prof. Apfel. »Auf Basis unserer Testergebnisse nimmt Evonik dann weitere Optimierungen der Katalysatoren sowie deren Scale-up in Angriff.« Das beste System wird dann für den Pilotreaktor ausgewählt.

Die Bedeutung des Projektes hob Prof. Dr. Andreas Pinkwart bei der Übergabe des Förderbescheids hervor. »Die aktuellen Ereignisse zeigen einmal mehr, wie wichtig eine sichere und unabhängige Energieversorgung ist«, betonte der NRW-Minister für Wirtschaft, Innovation, Digitalisierung und Energie. »Eine zukunfts- und wettbewerbsfähige Industrie benötigt große Energiemengen und klimaneutral erzeugte Rohstoffe für ihre Produktionsprozesse. Power-to-X kann nicht nur dazu beitragen, dass wir unsere ehrgeizigen Klimaschutzziele erreichen, sondern auch zu einer unabhängigen Versorgung mit synthetischen Kraftstoffen und Chemikalien für unsere Industrie und unser Energiesystem der Zukunft.«

Medizinische Masken sind in der Pandemie zum Alltag geworden. Mit ihrem erhöhten Virenschutz gehen allerdings auch Verständigungsprobleme einher. Forschende des Fraunhofer UMSICHT haben für dieses Problem einen Kommunikationsadapter entwickelt, der die Stimme verstärkt und so das Gespräch erleichtert. Nun ist die Erfindung unter dem Namen maskAMP® geschützt und ein Patent erteilt.

Comedians, Sänger*innen und Politiker*innen – sobald Menschen auf einer Bühne sprechen, greifen sie fast schon selbstverständlich zum Mikrofon. In unserem Alltag dagegen verstehen wir uns normalerweise ohne Hilfsmittel. Mit Pandemie und Gesichtsmasken finden wir Verständigungsprobleme allerdings auch in alltäglichen Situationen wieder. Nicht ohne Grund erklingt am Empfang in der Arztpraxis oder an der Supermarktkasse immer öfter ein »Wie bitte?«. Das Fraunhofer IBP hat herausgefunden, dass die Masken 5 bis 15 Dezibel der Lautstärke schlucken. Somit fühlt sich die Entfernung zum Gegenüber mit Masken doppelt so groß an, wie sie tatsächlich ist.^[1]

»Im Alltag gleichen Menschen diese maskenbedingten Verständigungsprobleme mit einer lauteren Stimmgebung aus«, erklärt Melih-Ahmet Dimetokali, Mitarbeiter in der IT-Infrastruktur des Fraunhofer UMSICHT. »Das belastet allerdings die Stimmlippen und auch eine physiologische Stimmgebung funktioniert dann zum Teil nicht mehr.« Verstärkt wird das Problem gleichzeitig durch Mindestabstände und schalldämpfende Glasscheiben. Die Resonanz ist so noch stärker eingeschränkt und die Artikulation gehemmt. Wie das Fraunhofer IBP herausgefunden hat, machen sich dadurch auf längere Zeit Erschöpfungssymptome wie Heiserkeit, Halsschmerzen, aber auch Kopfschmerzen und Abgeschlagenheit bemerkbar.

Mit Kommunikationsadaptern wieder mehr verstehen können
Das UMSICHT-Forscherteam – bestehend aus Melih-Ahmet Dimetokali, Michael Joemann und Rasit Özgüc – hat als Lösung einen abnehmbaren Adapter entwickelt, der die Stimme verstärkt und so Gesprächssituationen erleichtert. »Anders als bei Konkurrenzprodukten mindert der leichte Adapter nicht den angenehmen Tragekomfort der Maske«, betont Rasit Özgüc aus der Abteilung Elektrochemische Energiespeicher. »Uns war bei der Entwicklung sehr wichtig, dass der Verstärker alltagstauglich ist. Denn auch wenn die allgemeine Maskenpflicht derzeit weggefallen ist, gibt es Personenkreise, die Gesichtsmasken auch vor und nach der Pandemie regelmäßig tragen müssen. In medizinischen und pflegerischen Einrichtungen (Arztpraxen, Krankenhäuser, Pflegeheime etc.) beispielsweise bleibt die Maskenpflicht bestehen, um ältere und vorerkrankte Menschen besonders zu schützen. Allein in Deutschland arbeiten an die 3,3 Mio. Menschen im öffentlichen Gesundheitswesen.«

Ein weiterer Vorteil des Verstärkers ist seine Wiederverwendbarkeit. Da er flexibel positionierbar und abnehmbar ist, kann er bei einem Wechsel der Gesichtsmaske auf ein neues Modell übertragen werden. Nutzende können den Adapter so einfach reinigen oder wieder aufladen. »Das macht ihn im Vergleich bereits erhältlicher Produkten auf dem Markt umwelt- und ressourcenschonend. Dort ist die Elektronik nämlich meistens fest in der Maske integriert«, erklärt Özgüc, »Trotzdem können wir mit geringen Materialkosten und ohne Mindestproduktionsmenge der steigenden Nachfrage gerecht werden.«

Erstes Patent für einen Kommunikationsadapter
Für maskAMP® haben die UMSICHT-Forschenden nun einen Patentschutz für Deutschland erlangt, welcher jetzt in die weltweite Anmeldung überführt wird.  Das Produkt umfasst zum einen den wiederverwendbaren Kommunikationsadapter für Gesichtsmasken und zum anderen das System aus Kommunikationsadapter und Gesichtsmaske. Auch das Verfahren zur Bereitstellung eines solchen Systems fällt unter den Namen. Damit ist maskAMP® der erste patentierte Kommunikationsadapter.

Entwicklung vom Prototyp zur Marktreife
»Bis es den Kommunikationsadapter zu kaufen gibt, wird es allerdings noch etwas dauern«, ergänzt Michael Joemann, einer der Miterfinder. »Unser System muss zur Marktreife entwickelt werden. Dafür suchen wir lizenznehmende Vertragspartner mit den entsprechenden technologischen Möglichkeiten und Vertriebskanälen. Interessierte wenden sich bitte unter dem Stichwort maskAMP® an Rasit Özgüc.

^{[1] Fraunhofer »Das Magazin« Ausgabe 4.20, Seite 30-31.}