From the Sector

Knapp 150 Teilnehmende trafen sich auf der zweitägigen World Pultrusion Conference (WPC) in Hamburg, um sich in 25 Fachvorträgen über aktuelle Entwicklungen und Innova-tionen zu informieren. Organisiert wird die im zweijährigen Rhythmus stattfindende Veranstaltung von der AVK für die European Pultrusion Technology Association (EPTA) in Zu-sammenarbeit mit der American Composites Manufacturers Association (ACMA).

Momentan dominiert auf den Märkten der Branche in Deutschland und Europa eine eher negative Stimmung. Das europäische Composites-Produktionsvolumen war bereits in den vergangenen Jahren rückläufig. 2022 gab es einen Rückgang des europäischen Produktionsvolumens bei Composites um 9 %. Für 2023 muss nun erneut ein Rückgang von 8 % des Gesamtmarktes für Composites in Europa festgestellt werden. Der Weltmarkt für Composites hat sich demgegenüber im vergangenen Jahr positiv entwickelt und weist für 2023 bei einem Wachstum von etwa 5 % ein Gesamtvolumen von 13 Millionen Tonnen auf. Insgesamt war die Marktdynamik in Europa deutlich niedriger als weltweit. Der Marktanteil von Europa am Weltmarkt sinkt auf etwa 20 %.

Die Gründe sind vielfältig: Haupttreiber dürften die nach wie vor hohen Energie- und Roh-stoffpreise sein. Hinzu kommen weiterhin Probleme in einzelnen Bereichen der Logistik-ketten, beispielsweise auf einzelnen Handels-/Containerrouten sowie ein zurückhaltendes Konsumklima. Eine Verlangsamung des Welthandels und Unsicherheiten im politischen Bereich befeuern derzeit die negative Stimmung im Markt.

Die zwei zentralen Anwendungsbereiche sowohl für die Composites-Industrie generell, aber auch die Pultrusions-Industrie im Speziellen, sind der Bau-/Infrastrukturbereich und der Mobilitätssektor. Die Bauindustrie als zentraler Anwendungsbereich steckt aktuell in einer Krise: Noch sind die Auftragsbücher gut gefüllt, doch Neuaufträge bleiben vielfach aus. Hohe Zinsen und Materialkosten bei hohen Lebenshaltungskosten belasten vor allem den privaten Bau stark. Aber auch der öffentliche Bau kann die selbst gesteckten Ziele momentan nicht erreichen. Laut dem ZDB (Zentralverband Deutsches Baugewerbe) bleiben die Prognosen in diesem wichtigen Bereich düster: „Der Rückgang der Baukonjunktur setzt sich weiter fort. Der Umsatz wird in diesem Jahr real um 5,3 % zurückgehen und im kom-menden Jahr gehen wir von weiteren minus 3 % aus. Verantwortlich für das Minus bleibt der Wohnungsbau, der in diesem Jahr real um 11 % einbricht und 2024 mit -13 % seinen Sinkflug fortsetzt.“ Trotz steigender Zulassungszahlen ist auch die Automobilindustrie als wichtigster Anwendungsbereich für Composites noch nicht auf ihr altes Volumen von vor 2020 zurückgekehrt. Derzeit scheint es nicht zu gelingen, mit politischen Maßnahmen ein für die Industrie positiveres Umfeld zu schaffen.

Nachhaltigkeit wird zunehmend zu einem zentralen Thema der Industrie. In zwei Vorträgen des Europäischen Fachverbandes der Composites verarbeitenden Industrie (EuCIA) und des Amerikanischen Fachverbandes der Composites Industrie (ACMA) wurden Fortschritte und das politische Grundgerüst in den jeweiligen Regionen erläutert. Beide Vorträge kamen zu dem Schluss, dass der Handlungsdruck auf alle Akteure innerhalb der Industriezweige in den kommenden Jahren steigen wird. Composites verfügen über ausgezeichnete Eigenschaften in diesem Bereich, in den letzten Jahren wurden bereits viele Fortschritte hinsichtlich der Datenerfassung und auch im Bereich der Standardisierung erzielt. Diese gilt es zunehmend herauszuarbeiten und auch gegenüber der Öffentlichkeit zu betonen. Über entsprechende politische und normative Aktivitäten werden beide Fachverbände das Thema weitertragen und versuchen, die Industrie bei der praktischen Umsetzung zu unterstützen.

After a long phase of continuous growth, the composites market has seen strong fluctuations since 2018. In 2023, the overall market for composites in Europe fell by 8%.

The current mood on the markets in Germany and Europe is rather negative within the industry. The main drivers are the persistently high energy and raw material prices. Added to this are problems in logistics chains and a cautious consumer climate. A slowdown in global trade and uncertainties in the political arena are fueling the negative sentiment. Despite rising registration figures, the automotive industry, the most important application area for composites, has not yet returned to its pre-2020 volume. The construction industry, the second key application area, is currently in crisis. These factors have already caused the Eu-ropean composites production volume to fall significantly in recent years. There has now been another decline in Europe for 2023.

Overall development of the composites market
The volume of the global composites market totalled 13 million tons in 2023. Compared to 2022, with a volume of 12.3 million tons, growth was around 5%. In comparison, the European composites production volume fell by 8% in 2023. The total European composites market thus comprises a volume of 2,559 kilotons (kt) after 2,781 kt in 2022.

The market is therefore declining and falling back to the level of 2014. Overall, market momentum in Europe was lower than in the global market. Europe's share of the global market is now around 20%.

As in previous years, development within Europe is not uniform. The differences are due to very different regional core markets, the high variability of the materi-als used, a wide range of different manufacturing processes and widely differing areas of application. Accordingly, there are different regional trends, especially with regard to the individual processes, although there were declines in all re-gions and for almost all processes in 2023. At almost 50% of the market volume, the transportation sector accounts for the largest share of total composites pro-duction in terms of volume. The next two largest areas are the electri-cal/electronics sector and applications in construction and infrastructure.

The entire market report 2023 is available for download: https://www.avk-tv.de/publications.php.

Felix Pohlkemper and Tim Röding from Institut für Textiltechnik (ITA) of RWTH Aachen University are developing a technology with their start-up CarboScreen GmbH that makes complex carbon fibre production controllable through sensor monitoring. With the help of CarboScreen technology, it should be possible to double the production speed from the current 15 m/min to 30 m/min in the medium term. The doubling of production speed alone could result in an increase in turnover of up to €37.5 million per year and production plant. Felix Pohlkemper and Tim Röding were awarded third place in the AVK Innovation Award 2023 in the Processes and Procedures category for this ground-breaking development. The award ceremony took place during the JEC Roof Forum in Salzburg, Austria.

The production of carbon fibres is highly complex. In the current state of the art, however, the manufacturing process is only monitored manually by semi-skilled workers. However, even minimal fibre damage during production leads to a reduction in the quality of the carbon fibre. In extreme cases, it can also lead to plant fires. To ensure production quality, the production speed is currently limited to a maximum of 15 m/min. In fact, the production speed of the systems could be higher. The sensor-based online monitoring of Carbo-Screen makes it possible to increase the production speed to 30 m/min in the medium term. As a result of the increased production volume per system, the specific production costs of the carbon fibre are reduced, which can result in lower prices.

A reduced sales price would make it possible to use carbon fibres and their composite materials even more widely in traditional markets such as aerospace technology and wind energy, as well as for mass production in the automotive industry.

The CarboScreen online monitoring system is currently being developed for industrial use. It is to be validated at an industrial plant in 2024. CarboScreen GmbH was founded as part of EXIST funding and offers AI-supported sensor systems for carbon fibre production. The sensor technology continuously monitors the fibre throughout the entire production process. Deviations are detected automatically.

The winners of the AVK Innovation Award are honoured annually by the AVK Industrievereinigung Verstärkte Kunststoffe. Companies, institutes and their partners are honoured in three categories: products and applications, processes and procedures, and research and science.

The winners of the prestigious Innovation Award for Fibre-Reinforced Plastics of the AVK, the German Federation of Reinforced Plastics, were presented in Salzburg this year. This award always goes to businesses, institutions and their partners for outstanding innovations in composites the three categories Products & Applications, Processes & Methods and Research & Science. Projects are submitted in all three categories and are evaluated by a jury of experts in engineering and science as well as trade journalists, who look at each project in terms of their levels of innovation, implementation and sustainability.

Products & Applications category
First place: “Insulating Coupling Shaft for Rail Vehicles” – Leichtbauzentrum Sachsen GmbH, partner: KWD Kupplungswerk Dresden GmbH

Second place: “Electric Car Battery Housing Components Based on Innovative Continuous Fibre-Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites” – SGL Carbon

Third place: “High Performance Recycled Carbon Fibre Materials (HiPeR)” – Composites Technology Center GmbH (CTC GmbH), partners: Faserinstitut Bremen e. V, Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V., C.A.R. FiberTec GmbH; partners Japan: Faserinstitut Bremen e.V., Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V., C.A.R. FiberTec GmbH; Partner Japan: CFRI Carbon Fiber Recycle Industry Co., Ltd., IHI Logistics and Machinery Corporation, ICC Kanazawa Institute of Technology

Innovative Processes & Methods category
First place: “Chopped Fibre Direct Processing (CFP)” – KraussMaffei Technologies GmbH, partner: Wirthwein SE

Second place: “CIRC - Complete Inhouse Recycling of Thermoplastic Compounds” – Fraunhofer Institute for Production Engineering and Automation (IPA), partners: Schindler Handhabetechnik GmbH, Vision & Control GmbH

Third place: “CarboScreen – Sensor-Based Monitoring of Carbon-Fibre Production” – CarboScreen GmbH, partner: Institute of Textile Technology at RWTH Aachen University

Research & Science category
First place: “Development of a Stereocomplex PLA Blend on a Pilot Plant Scale” – Faserinstitut Bremen e. V.

Second place: “Fibre-Reinforced Salt as a Robust Lost Core Material” – Technical University of Munich, Chair of Carbon Composites, partners: Apppex GmbH, Haas Metallguss GmbH

Third place: “VliesSMC – Recycled Carbon Fibres with a Second Life in the SMC Process” – Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V. (STFI), partner: Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT)

Entries for the next Innovation Award 2024 can be submitted from January 2024 onwards.

The 2nd edition of the SMCCreate conference jointly organized by the AVK and the European Alliance for SMC BMC takes place from 7-8-November 2023 in Prague, Czech Republic. The conference programme has now been published.

Within the time of only 1.5 day and 16 lectures, the SMCCreate 2023 conference will again cover a wide range of subjects, all relevant for designers in their selection of materials solutions that provide performance, cost efficiency, manufacturing ability and sustainability. The participants can expect presentations from the following top-class companies: Airbus, AOC, BYK-Chemie Dieffenbacher, EBG Group, ESI Germany, Fraunhofer, IDI, Mitras, Netzsch, Owens Corning, Siemens and Teijin.

The SMCCreate 2023 will take place from November 7-8, 2023 in Prague (Czech Republic) at the Vienna House Diplomat Prague.

The The German Federation of Reinforced Plastics (AVK) is looking for the best innovations in the field of fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) / composites covering the following categories:

• Innovative products/components or applications
• Innovative procedures/processes
• Research and science

One goal of the AVK Innovation Award is to promote new products/components and applications made from fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) and to promote new processes and methods for the manufacturing of FRP products. A further award is given to universities, colleges and institutes for outstanding work in science and research. In each of the categories special emphasis will be placed on the issue of sustainability.

Another goal is to give prominence to the innovations and also to the companies/institutions behind them, thus publicising their performance throughout the industry. The submissions will be evaluated by a jury of experts from the composites sector. The award ceremony will be held during the JEC Forum DACH event in Salzburg, Austria (24-25 October 2023).

The submission deadline for the application documents is 14^th April 2023.
Further details and assessment criteria can be found online.

Die AVK – Industrievereinigung Verstärkte Kunststoffe e. V. hat gemeinsam mit dem IKK, Institut für Kunststoff und Kreislaufwirtschaft der Leibniz-Universität Hannover, eine umfassende Studie zum Composites-Recycling erarbeitet.

Sie bietet eine systematische und umfassende Übersicht über die anfallenden Abfallmengen und die aktuellen sowie zukünftig verfüg- und umsetzbaren Lösungen zum hochwertigen Recycling. Dabei werden die Vor- und Nachteile zu den verschiedenen Verfahren bewertet sowie relevante gesetzliche Vorgaben und Normen betrachtet.

Das Thema Nachhaltigkeit und Recycling ist auch in der Kunststoffindustrie immer wichtiger geworden. Gerade im Bereich Leichtbau haben Composites enorme Vorteile. Darüber hinaus können die Materialien aber auch in Bezug auf Nachhaltigkeit einen hohen Mehrwert liefern. Warum Composites vorteilhaft sind, wurde bislang wenig systematisch oder eher punktuell untersucht. Mit der jetzt veröffentlichten Composites-Recycling-Studie, die vom IKK-Institutsleiter Professor Hans-Josef Endres und Dr. Madina Shamsuyeva mit Unterstützung von Industrievertretern aus dem AVK-Expertenarbeitskreis erarbeitet wurde, liegt die erste große Untersuchung zum Thema Recycling von Composites vor.

„Für Composites gibt es ein hohes Potential, auch wenn viele glauben, Faserverbundkunststoffe lassen sich schwer recyclen. Trotzdem darf man nicht vergessen, dass nicht alles, was beim Recycling möglich ist, auch wirtschaftlich oder nachhaltig ist. Hier gilt es genau hinzusehen. Diese Studie ist deshalb so wichtig, um herauszufinden, wie der aktuelle Stand ist, wohin sich der Markt entwickeln kann und wo noch Potential schlummert“, stellt AVK-Geschäftsführer Dr. Elmar Witten fest.

Prof. Hans-Josef Endres ergänzt: „Die Studie zeigt, dass in einigen Bereichen mehr recycelt wird, z. B. bei den Thermoplasten, in anderen Bereichen jedoch noch nicht. Gerade beim chemischen Recycling ist der Reifegrad der Technologien noch nicht sehr fortgeschritten und manchmal sind auch Anlagekapazitäten noch nicht ausgelastet. Hier muss noch Pionierarbeit geleistet werden, um z. B. interdisziplinäre Geschäftsmodelle auszuarbeiten. Gleichzeitig gibt es Anwendungen für Composites, die schon heute aus technischer Sicht einfach zu recyceln wären und es ‚nur‘ an der Logistik und dem Willen fehlt. Aber auch eine Harmonisierung von Gesetzen und Normen sowie der Rechtsprechung wäre wünschenswert, um das Composites-Recycling weiter voranzubringen.“

Die Studie ist zum Preis von 799,- Euro (zzgl. MwSt.) bei der AVK im PDF-Format erhältlich (ermäßigter Preis für AVK-Mitglieder: 399,- Euro zzgl. MwSt.).

AVK, the Federation of Reinforced Plastics, has once again awarded its Innovation Awards to a range of companies, institutes and their partners in 2022. Three innovative composites from each of the three categories Products & Applications, Processes & Methods and Research & Science were honoured during the JEC Forum for Germany, Austria and Switzerland in Augsburg at an award ceremony on 29 November 2022. A professional jury, composed of engineers, scientists and trade journalists, presented the awards for 2022 in three categories.

List of award winners in the three categories:
Products & Applications category
First place: LAMILUX Composites GmbH, Rehau, Germany: Lamilux Sunsation® – the new standard under the sun
Second place: Carbo-Link AG, Fehraltorf, Switzerland: CL RESTRAP – Reinforcement of concrete girders using flexible, prestressed CRP tapes
Third place: Borgers SE & Co. KGaA, Bocholt, Germany: blue label by Borgers ®

Innovative Processes & Methods category
First place: BaltiCo GmbH, Hohen Luckow, Germany: Rod laying technology as an additive manufacturing process
Second place: Schmidt & Heinzmann GmbH & Co. KG, Bruchsal, Germany: Pole Position, a positioning system for polarisation imaging
Third place: NETZSCH Process Intelligence GmbH, Selb, Germany: SensXPERT, process optimisation driven by material data to increase the efficiency of thermosets and fibre composites

Research & Science category
First place: Institute for Textile Machinery and High Performance Textiles at the Technical University of Dresden: Spherically curved fibre-reinforced plastic composite components made from near-net-shape fabrics
Second place: Leibniz-Institut für Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany: HyKoPerm – a measurement system for an industry-specific characterisation of textile impregnation behaviour
Third place: Technical University of Munich, Chair of Carbon Composites: Manufacturing processes for a tension-strut-supported pressure vessel that can be adapted to suit a given space

With over 60 participants from Europe and Turkey, the first SMCCreate Design Conference took place in Antwerp from 28-29 June. The conference was jointly organised by AVK – Federation of Reinforced Plastics and the European Allicance for SMC BMC. The topics covered the wide spectrum of SMC and BMC manufacturing, from design to sustainability solutions. 16 speakers from different European countries showed what is important in component manufacturing and design, and which solutions the companies offer in regard to materials, performance and much more.

After an overview of the general market developments and how the economic requirements affect component manufacturing, the focus was on the possibilities to enable sustainable design with SMC/BMC. In the second conference section „part design“, the topics of design and modelling, design with structural analysis and flow simulation, standards, and best class solutions as well as surface modification were presented.

A rather newer field was highlighted on Day 2 with Carbon SMC, discussing mobility and automotive applications. These included the integration of multiple material technologies, not forgetting the possibility of implementing green deal strategies here too. The advantages of SMC in automotive components for electrification were explained in more detail. The conference concluded with a sporty presentation on the development of a carbon SMC rear frame for a downhill mountain bike.

SMCCreate 2022, the design conference jointly organized by the AVK and the European Alliance for SMC BMC takes place from 28-29 June 2022 in Antwerp, Belgium. Registrations are now possible.

This unique conference about design in SMC and BMC composite materials will provide valuable insights in the entire product design process from idea to part manufacturing, targeted both at experienced designers and at designers that are new in applying these versatile materials.

Within the time of only 1.5 day, the SMCCreate 2022 conference will cover a wide range of subjects, all relevant for designers in their selection of materials solutions that provide performance, cost efficiency, manufacturing ability and sustainability.

Program
15 lectures by international speakers from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands and the USA will present practical presentations about sustainability, part design, mobility and automotive applications. Equally current trends and developments in the European SMC/BMC market are on the agenda.

Date and Location
The SMCCreate 2022 Conference will be organized on June 28-29, 2022 in the Hilton Hotel in Antwerp (Belgium). The presentation language will be English. The programme, further details and registration information is available at www.avk-tv.de.